W. ACADEMY ← All lessons A LITTLE JOURNEY THROUGH DEEP TIME

THE CARBON STORY / LESSON 03

Before you were you.

A new cell. An ancient ingredient. One extraordinary journey.

YOUR HAND Our carbon
Illustration • not to scale01 / 19

The science is real. This atom’s itinerary and dates are imagined.

The science behind the story

What stays the same?

We follow one surviving carbon-12 nucleus. Ordinary chemistry rearranges bonds and electrons without changing the nucleus. Carbon-12 is stable, but nuclear reactions can transform it. We are not claiming that all atoms remain unchanged forever.

DOE: isotopes ↗

Food becomes you

A carbon in the amino acid glycine can contribute to a purine base in DNA. Our story follows that possible route from meat protein into newly made DNA. We zoom beneath the skin’s surface: outermost skin cells have lost their nuclei.

NCBI: cellular biosynthesis ↗
NCBI: skin renewal ↗

A possible path, not a record

Carbon moves between organisms, soil, air, water, and rock. The cow, oak, shell, and dates are fictional. A long stay in rock is plausible; millions of uninterrupted years in atmospheric CO₂ would not be. The deep-time montage leaves many unknown steps untold.

NOAA: the carbon cycle ↗

Older than our Sun

Earlier stars supplied carbon to the material that formed our solar system. Three helium-4 nuclei can fuse into carbon-12 during a star’s later life, not at its birth. Carbon-rich giant stars can release material in winds. Most hydrogen, unlike carbon, comes from the early universe.

NASA: our solar system’s ingredients ↗
Research: stellar carbon production ↗
Research: carbon-star winds ↗